Charges also include Mining Laser Crystals (for improved yield of specific ore types), capacitor booster charges, (for a quick boost of energy), bombs, Repair Nanites and scripts (used to improve module performance in one area while sacrificing another).
I've never heard of these in game, are they outdated?
Nanites are used for repairing mods which have been damaged by heat. You just have them in your hold and to use them right click on the damaged mod and click repair. They don't work if the mod has taken 100% damage though, you'll need to dock to fix those.
